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Muslims constitute the world's second largest religious group. According to a 2010 study and released January 2011,〔 Islam has 1.6 billion adherents, making up over 22% of the world population.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Turmoil in the world of Islam )〕 According to another study in 2015 Islam has 1.7 billion adherents. Most Muslims are of two denominations: Sunni (85-86%)〔 * * * * * (Sunni Islam: Oxford Bibliographies Online Research Guide ) "Sunni Islam is the dominant division of the global Muslim community, and throughout history it has made up a substantial majority (85 to 90 percent) of that community." * * * * (Inside Muslim minds ) "around 80% are Sunni" * (Who Gets To Narrate the World ) "The Sunnis (approximately 80%)" * (A world theology ) N. Ross Reat "80% being the Sunni" * (Islam and the Kadiyani jama'at ) "The Sunni segment, accounting for at least 80% of the worlds Muslim population" * (Eastern Europe Russia and Central Asia ) "some 80% of the worlds Muslims are Sunni" * (A dictionary of modern politics ) "probably 80% of the worlds Muslims are Sunni" * 〕 or Shia (12–13%).〔See * * * * * (Iran, Israel and the United States ) "The majority of the world's Islamic population, which is Sunni, accounts for over 75% of the Islamic population; the other 10-20 percent is Shia." (reference: CIA) * (Sue Hellett; U.S. should focus on sanctions against Iran ) "Let me review, while Shia Islam makes up only 10-20 percent of the world's Muslim population, Iraq has a Shia majority (between 60-65 percent), but had a Sunni controlled government under Saddam Hussein and cronies from 1958-2003... (If you like government figures, see the CIA World Factbook.)"〕 Ahmadis represent about 1% of the Muslim population.〔 * * * * (【引用サイトリンク】title=Ahmadiyya Muslims ) * A figure of 10-20 million represents approximately 1% of the Muslim population. See also Ahmadiyya by country.〕 Islam is the dominant religion in the Middle East, North Africa, the Horn of Africa, the Sahel,〔Encyclopædia Britannica. Britannica Book of the Year 2003. Encyclopædia Britannica, (2003) ISBN 978-0-85229-956-2 p.306 According to the Encyclopædia Britannica, as of mid-2002, there were 376,453,000 Christians, 329,869,000 Muslims and 98,734,000 people who practiced traditional religions in Africa. (Ian S. Markham, (A World Religions Reader. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishers, 1996.) ) is cited by Morehouse University as giving the mid-1990s figure of 278,250,800 Muslims in Africa, but still as 40.8% of the total population. These numbers are estimates, and remain a matter of conjecture. See Amadu Jacky Kaba. The spread of Christianity and Islam in Africa: a survey and analysis of the numbers and percentages of Christians, Muslims and those who practice indigenous religions. The Western Journal of Black Studies, Vol 29, Number 2, June 2005. Discusses the estimations of various almanacs and encyclopedium, placing Britannica's estimate as the most agreed figure. Notes the figure presented at the (World Christian Encyclopedia, summarized here ), as being an outlier. On rates of growth, Islam and Pentecostal Christianity are highest, see: (The List: The World’s Fastest-Growing Religions ), Foreign Policy, May 2007.〕 and some parts of Asia.〔(Britannica ) , (Think Quest ), (Wadsworth.com )〕 Large communities of Muslims are also found in China, the Balkans, India, and Russia.〔〔(Secrets of Islam ), U.S. News & World Report. Information provided by the International Population Center, Department of Geography, San Diego State University (2005).〕 Other parts of the world host large Muslim immigrant communities; in Western Europe, for instance, Islam is the second largest religion after Christianity, where it represents 6% of the total population.〔See: * Esposito (2004) pp.2,43 * *(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Major Religions of the World Ranked by Number of Adherents ) * * 〕 ==Denominations of Islam== Historically, Islam was divided into three major religious denominations well known as Sunni, Khawarij and Shī‘ah. Nowadays, Sunnis constitute more than 85% of the overall Muslim population while the Shi'as are slightly more than 12%.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.pewforum.org/2009/10/07/mapping-the-global-muslim-population/ )〕 Today, many of the Shia sects are extinct. The major surviving Imamah-Muslim Sects are Usulism ''(with nearly more than 10%),'' Nizari Ismailism ''(with nearly more than 1%),'' and Alevism ''(with slightly more than 0.5%〔According to David Shankland, 15% of Turkey's population. in ''Structure and Function in Turkish Society.'' Isis Press, 2006, p. 81.〕 but less than 1%〔According to Krisztina Kehl-Bodrogi, ''Syncretistic Religious Communities in the Near East'' edited by her, B. Kellner-Heinkele, & A. Otter-Beaujean. Leiden: Brill, 1997.〕).'' The other existing groups include Zaydi Shi'a of Yemen whose population is nearly more than 0.5% of the world's Muslim population, Musta’li Ismaili ''(with nearly 0.1%〔(Reform movement gathers forces in the Bohra community )〕 whose Taiyabi adherents reside in Gujarat state in India and Karachi city in Pakistan. There are also significant diaspora populations in Europe, North America, the Far East and East Africa),'' and Ibadis from the Kharijites whose population has diminished to a level below 0.15%. On the other hand, new Muslim sects like African American Muslims, Ahmadi Muslims ''(with nearly around 1%),'' non-denominational Muslims, Quranist Muslims and Wahhabis ''(with nearly around 1-2%〔Destined Encounters - Page 203, Sury Pullat - 2014〕 of the world's total Muslim population)'' were later independently developed. According to the Pew Research Center in 2010 there were 50 Muslim-majority countries. Around 62% of the world's Muslims live in South and Southeast Asia, with over 1 billion adherents. The largest Muslim population in a country is in Indonesia, a nation home to 12.7% of the world's Muslims, followed by Pakistan (11.0%), India (10.9%), and Bangladesh (9.2%).〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Number of Muslim by country )〕 About 20% of Muslims live in Arab countries.〔See: * Esposito (2002b), p.21 * Esposito (2004), pp.2,43〕 In the Middle East, the non-Arab countries of Turkey and Iran are the largest Muslim-majority countries; in Africa, Egypt and Nigeria have the most populous Muslim communities.〔〔 The study found more Muslims in the United Kingdom than in Lebanon and more in China than in Syria.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Islam by country」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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